national instruments pxi 6652. Performing output short circuit current tests using this PXI system are require two main connections. national instruments pxi 6652

 
 Performing output short circuit current tests using this PXI system are require two main connectionsnational instruments pxi 6652 ) I/O connector

By using PXI Synchronization Modules, you can improve measurement accuracy, implement advanced triggering schemes, and synchronize multiple devices to act. Provides support for NI GPIB controllers and NI embedded controllers with GPIB ports. 6 This specification was tested at 25 ºC and with nominal power supplies. With these features, the PXI-6652/3 can be used to increase accuracy of instruments within a system, or to synchronize multiple PXI. From troubleshooting technical issues and product recommendations, to quotes and orders, we’re here to help. This page provides dimensional drawings for the PXI-6652. NI 6528/6529 The NI PCI/PXI-6528 device provides 24 isolated input channels and 24 isolated output channels, and the NI PXI-6529 provides 48 isolated input channels. Do not install a damaged device into your chassis. The PXI-6653 and PXI-6652 modules are able to generate clock and trigger signals and route internally or externally generated signals 2. 8 kS/s, 114 dB, 4 Gains, 0. With this module, the user can adjust the behavior of the PFI connections individually. Conventions The following conventions are used in. The PXI-6651 provides a 10 MHz reference clock (CLK10) input into the chassis, and two additional SMB. . Featured with 711 nHz. 1 minute (s) read. The NI-SYNC driver is a great utility to accomplish this. . This manual describes the electrical and mechanical aspects of the. Any action against National Instruments must be brought within one year after the cause of action accrues. . ABB;. , PXI slot No. This example utilizes the ability of the PXI chassis. You can request repair, RMA, schedule calibration, or get technical support. the liability of National Instruments will apply regardless of the form of action, whether in contract or tort, including negligence. Reference this information to ensure you install compatible drivers with your RF device or module. NI-PXI system controlled through a Thunderbolt controller, PXI. [email protected] GHz PXI RF Analog Signal Generator —The PXI‑5652 features continuous-wave generation capabilities with FM, 2‑FSK, or OOK modulation. . . PXI-6652 美国NI PLC模块 机箱. Compatible with Windows and LabVIEW. You can request repair, RMA, schedule calibration, or get technical support. Data Acquisition and Control . Sum all PXI modules’ power use in watts on the +3. . . . † Keep PXI chassis filters clean and fan speed set to High. . , PXI 6651/6652/6653, PXIe 6672/6674/6674T), then you can modify the Route Software Trigger LabVIEW shipping example. TCXO PXI Synchronization Module—PXI Synchronization Modules use the trigger bus, star trigger, and system reference clock features of PXI to implement advanced multi-device synchronization. With the addition of the NI PXIe-5668 vector signal analyzer (VSA), NI offers best-in-class RF accuracy and test. Provides support for NI GPIB controllers and NI embedded controllers with GPIB ports. From troubleshooting technical issues and product recommendations, to quotes and orders, we’re here to help. . From troubleshooting technical issues and product recommendations, to quotes and orders, we’re here to help. The power cord grounds the chassis and protects it from electrical damage while you install the module. 确保PXI/PXI Express的助拔器未被锁死并可以自由移动。 6. View All Hardware. 0625 ps Edge placement accuracy: Drive9 NI-Digital 17. TCXO PXI同步模块 —PXI同步模块利用触发总线、星形触发以及PXI的系统参考时钟,来实现高级多设备同步。. in the generator equipment, signal generators category. . NI Services Program; Purchase Training; HARDWARE. To determine the Board Assembly Part Number and Revision, look at the sticker printed on the board underneathTCXO PXI Synchronization Module. ni-daqmx. . com Do I need to modify my DMM/Switch code when. 4. This page documents all the applicable standards and certifications for the PXI-6652 and provides downloadable certifications. The PXI-6224 (Part number: 779114-01) Multifunction I/O Module belongs to the M Series by National Instruments. Engineers choose NI PXI because of its high measurement performance and proven. to the NI Reconfigurable Oscilloscopes Help for more information about the calibration API. . NI PXI-4070/4072) and that the fan filters are clean. Patents For patents covering National Instruments products /technology, refer to the appropriate location: Help»Patents in yourI have few PXI-1033 chassis with PXI-6653, PXI-6682, PXI-4472 and PXI-4495. We have 3 National Instruments NI PXI-6682 manuals available for free PDF download: User Manual, Installation Manual . . Search for used pxi timing and control modules. . Open a service request. . LabVIEW was selected to develop a dedicated project for each RTVM, including all the subprograms (VIs) running on the FPGA target and. . From troubleshooting technical issues and product recommendations, to quotes and orders, we’re here to help. View All Hardware. . Industry leading, price advantage, quality assurance 3. This document explains how to install, configure, and test the NI PXI-5650/5651/5652 (NI 5650/5651/5652) as a stand-alone device. TCXO PXI Synchronization Module. The National Instruments PXI-6652 is a system timing and control module for PXI. . . This page documents all the applicable standards and certifications for the PXI-6652 and provides downloadable certifications. This single-slot PXI module features two Analog Outputs, Analog/Digital Triggering, eight digital I/O lines, 15 analog input signal ranges, and two 24-bit counters/timers. 6 GHz, and a frequency. Rack-Mount Controllers The NI PXI-6653 consumes 2 A max at +5 V, 600 mA max at +3. 99 Hz 10,000,000. Find National Instruments, Agilent - Keysight, and Aeroflex for sale on Machinio. Support Worldwide Technical Support and Product Information ni. 2. com National Instruments Corporate Headquarters 11500 North Mopac Expressway Austin, Texas 78759-3504 USA Tel: 512 683 0100NI-DAQmx. PXI is a computer for test engineers. . NI Services Program; Purchase Training; HARDWARE. Skip to content. Brand: National. In the dialog box that appears, select GPS as the time reference and then. This page documents all the applicable standards and certifications for the PXI-6652 and provides downloadable certifications. This page documents all the applicable standards and certifications for the PXI-6652 and provides downloadable certifications. View All Hardware. This document describes how to write a calibration procedure for the . Open a service request. 6 GHz Analog Signal Generator (Part Number: 779670-02 ), allows the user to disable the signal output on the RF OUT connector utilizing the Output Property enable. When using multiple chassis, it is necessary to use NI timing and synchronization modules, such as the PXI-6653, PXI-6652, and PXI-6651 to share the clock and trigger signals between chassis. Open a service request. - PXI-6682 will trigger according to the GPS timestamp and will provide PPS signal to PXI-6653. Maximum voltage (cold-switching only) 90 Vrms, CAT I Caution This module is rated for Measurement Category I and intended to carry signal voltages no greater than 100 V. . . . ) 5 NI Services and Support SERVICE NEEDS NI. 5 and earlier 5 ns NI-Digital 18. With the 6652, if I understand it correctly, I should be able to replace the 10MHz backplane clock with the more stable oscillator in the card, and then send this signal via. On the FPGA I have biphasic pulses being genera. Test Equipment. 00 PXI-6652 National Instruments Brand: National Instruments Name: Module Current: 5AThis page documents all the applicable standards and certifications for the PXI-6652 and provides downloadable certifications. In this module, you have 32 input channels (0 to 31) receiving signals from different signal sources. . PCI Express was introduced in. 5 driver. Data Acquisition and Control . Provides support for NI GPIB controllers and NI embedded controllers with GPIB ports. TCXO PXI Synchronization Module—PXI Synchronization Modules use the trigger bus, star trigger, and system reference clock features of PXI to implement advanced multi-device synchronization. Input Characteristics Maximum switching voltage Channel-to-channel 100 V Channel-to-ground 100 V, CAT I Caution This module is rated for Measurement Category I. PXI-5152 Controller module, NI, PXI-5152 Controller module Brand: National Instruments Name: Module Current: 5A Voltage: 24V Mode of use: Hot plug implementation standard: Import origin: United States. . . PXI-6652. その中には、オシロスコープやデジタルマルチメータなどのモジュール式計測器が含まれます。. The NI PXI 6552 contains a higher limit inner memory with trigger and pattern sequence. 4 传感器电子数据表(teds) 中的传感器和附件,应按照上述步骤配 置设备。单击扫描teds。如需在max 中配置直连至设备的teds 传感器,右键单 击“ 设备和接口” 下的设备名,然后选择配. . . 1. The National Instruments PXI-6652/3 is a system timing and control module for PXI. The hybrid peripheral slot connects only to PXI Local Bus 6 left and right. • NI PXI-6071E I/O Terminal Summary Note With NI-DAQmx, National Instruments revised its terminal names so they are easier to understand and more consistent among NI hardware and software products. 3221366881@qq. This PXI/SCXI Combination Chassis is an ideal solution for PXI measurement systems where additional signal conditioning, such. Check part details, parametric & specs updated 04 NOV 2023 and download pdf datasheet from datasheets. ContentsNI PXI-5650/5651/5652 RF Signal Generator Note Before you begin, install and configure your chassis and controller. The PXI section of the chassis accepts an embedded controller and a wide variety of peripheral modules (such as. Provides support for NI data acquisition and signal conditioning devices. Members of the National Instruments Alliance Partner Program are business entities independent from NI and have no agency, partnership, or joint-venture relationship with NI. Hi everyone, I apologize if this has been answered somewhere else, but I'm having a hard time finding examples and tired after a long day of work. These products can monitor the health of a. Featured with 711 nHz. View and Download National Instruments NI PXI-665 Series user manual online. ¿Cuál es el problema?. . The NI 6555/6556 is a 200 MHz digital waveform generator/analyzer with per-pin parametric unit (PPMU). 联系 我们. This page provides dimensional drawings for the PXI-6652. 6. Embedded & Industrial . 01% accuracy for standard baud rates. View all articles. From troubleshooting technical issues and product recommendations, to quotes and orders, we’re here to help. Provides support for NI data acquisition and signal conditioning devices. The NI PXI-1042 Series User Manual describes the features of the PXI-1042 Series chassis and contains information about configuring the chassis, installing the modules, and operating and using the PXI-1042 Series chassis. • EULAs are located in the <National Instruments>SharedMDFLegallicense directory. 更新日 2023-08-14. 00 SKU: KM092; Farinon SD. 2分で読める. com +86 17750010683 . . Complete the following steps to set up the NI PXI-665x for calibration. National Instruments PXIe-6612 PXI Counter/Timer Module. The NI ExpressCard-8360, NI PXI-ExpressCard 8360, NI PXIe-ExpressCard 8360, NI PXI-8360, and NI PXIe-8360 are warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment, as evidenced by receipts or. Explore nuestras soluciones de hardware y software. This page provides dimensional drawings for the PXI-6652. 2. With these features, the PXI-6652/3 can be used to increase accuracy of instruments within a system, or to synchronize multiple PXI. . Feature Usage. This page documents all the applicable standards and certifications for the PXI-6652 and provides downloadable certifications. From troubleshooting technical issues and product recommendations, to quotes and orders, we’re here to help. TCXO PXI Synchronization Module. Engineers use NI PXI to build high-performance, mixed-measurement systems for validation and production test. But when I right click on the device in slot #1 it gives me a simple grey screen with no information. 4 LSB typ,The National Instruments PXI-6052E (Part Number: 777962-01, 186408E-01) is a 16-Channel, 16-Bit Resolution Multifunction DAQ, which is a member of the full-featured E Series. PXI Express插槽仅能兼容PXI Express板卡,因为PXI Express插槽没有PXI Express混合板卡所需的底端接口。. . The National Instruments PXI-6552 (Part numbers: 778539-01, 778539-02, and 778539-03) Digital Waveform Instrument uses programmable and adaptable voltage levels with control per cycle, per bidirectional channel. The PXI-6224 (Part number: 779114-01) Multifunction I/O Module belongs to the M Series by National Instruments. 2 in. By using PXI Synchronization Modules, you can improve measurement accuracy, implement advanced triggering schemes, and synchronize multiple devices to. View All Hardware. . Patents For patents covering National Instruments products /technology, refer to the appropriate location: Help»Patents in your Hi, Is ther any available IVI-COM driver for the NI-6652 timing module that is compatible with Visual Basic. The following characteristic. niの集録および信号調整デバイスをサポートします。 ni-visa. System Components: PXI-1036 chassis connected vi MXI-Express to a laptop PXI-6652 Timing and Synchronization Control module PXI-6115 S-Series Multifunction DAQ PXI-5412 Function Generator I want to use the 6652 to improve the timing accuracy of the FGEN and AI sampling from the 6115. Anyways, I am using a PXI chassis with both a PXI-6652 timing module and a PXI-7854R FPGA board. From troubleshooting technical issues and product recommendations, to quotes and orders, we’re here to help. 32-bit PXI functionality except for PXI Local Bus. Demonstrates how to use NI-Sync along with a Timing & Synchronization board (PXI-6652 or PXI-6653) to route a clock to the ClkOut terminal. The PXI-4498 is designed for high-channel-count sound and vibration applications. 2. NI Services Program; Purchase Training; HARDWARE. 而gps pps 可以把pxi 6608 换成便宜的pxi 6602,pxi 6653 换成pxi 6652,并且gps pps 信号接收器的成本远远低于gps irig-b。 三.gps pps 时钟同步技术的系统组成 该系统主要由gps 接收器和ni pxi 采集设备2 大部分组成。结构如图2: 图2 gps pps 时钟同步系统组成图 Available PXI BoardFunctions NI PXI Boards Additional Comments; Override the CLK10 signal: PXI-6608 (Counter) PXI-6653, PXI-6652, PXI-6682 (Timing and Synchronization Modules) PXI-5660 (RF Analyzer) The PXI-6608 overrides the clock, placing a 10 MHz clock signal with 75 ppb accuracy on the backplane. A. TCXO PXI Synchronization Module. Flexible standard and nonstandard baud rates for data transmissions between 57 b/s and 1 Mb/s to within 1% accuracy for nonstandard baud rates and 0. . PXI-6652: : : : : PXI-6653:National Instruments Co. National Instruments NI PXI-8360 MXI Express Interface 779501-01 Remote Control. . . . NI-VISA. ABB;. . . . National Instruments PXI-6652 with 50 ohms input impedance: In Stock Ships Today: PXI-6653:. 2分で読める. • To ensure the specified EMC performance, you must install PXI EMC filler panels, National Instruments part number 778700-01, in all open chassis slots. TCXO PXI Synchronization Module —PXI Synchronization Modules use the trigger bus, star trigger, and system. . [email protected] the model, an 8-slot NI PXI-1042 chassis with 24-bit NI PXI-4498 modules was used for inflow signals. The NI 6528/6529 features digital filtering, change detection, and Real-Time System Integration (RTSI) capabilities. On the FPGA I have biphasic pulses being genera. Sum all PXI modules’ power use in watts on the +12 V power rail. . 050 inch pitch headers. This page provides dimensional drawings for the PXI-6652. 4 W max Physical Characteristics PCMCIA card type. From troubleshooting technical issues and product recommendations, to quotes and orders, we’re here to help. The onboard direct digital synthesis (DDS) clock of the PXI-6652, PXI-6653, and NI PXIe-6672 modules provides an extremely high-resolution programmable clock source that can generate clocks from DC to 105 MHz in frequency with <1. . † Use PXI filler panels in all vacant slots to allow proper cooling. 更新日 2023-08-14. Feature Usage. Data Acquisition and Control . It is intended to carry signal voltages no greater than 100 Vrms, 150 Vpk, or 150 VDC . . This page provides dimensional drawings for the PXI-6652. . NI-Digital 17. S. 6 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator. 2. These systems were meticulously synchronized using NI PXI-6652 and PXIe-6672 timing. . Select your device and click OK . From troubleshooting technical issues and product recommendations, to quotes and orders, we’re here to help. "6651, 6652,. The solid-state relay outputs are ideal for controlling pumps, valves, motors, and various other industrial actuators. Routing PXI backplane 10 MHz clock with disciplined TCXO or with 10 MHz clocks. Related products. I would like to synchronize both chassis in the following way: - Each PXI-1033 are situated far from each other. You can request repair, RMA, schedule calibration, or get technical support. 8. niの集録および信号調整デバイスをサポートします。 ni-visa. Acabo de instalar mi módulo de Temporización y Sincronización PXI-6652 o PXI-6653 pero no se muestra en MAX debajo de RIO Devices. Patents For patents covering National Instruments products /technology, refer to the appropriate location: Help»Patents in yourPXI-6239 NI module, NI, PXI-6239 NI module Brand: National Instruments Name: Module Current: 5A Voltage: 24V Mode of use: Hot plug implementation standard: Import origin: United States. PXIE-EXPRESSCARD8360: 503Kb / 3P:clock inaccuracies. . PXI. With these features, the PXI-6652/3 can be used to increase accuracy of instruments within a system, or to synchronize multiple PXI systems together. . ±0. . . Kyle A. 2. Members of the National Instruments Alliance Partner Prog ram are business entities independent from National Instruments and have no agency, partnership, or joint-venture relationship with National Instruments. The PXI 6652 can be used for advanced synchronization. To access NI 4110 documentation, navigate to Start»All Programs»National Instruments» NI. sending clocks or triggers to multiple slot destinations over the PXI trigger bus. The USB-6525 is an industrial, bus-powered USB I/O device that can automate even the most demanding applications. The National Instruments PXI-6652, referred to as a PXI Timing and Multi-Chassis Synchronization module, is a highly capable device furnished with a 711 nHz resolution and a DC to 105 MHz high-resolution clock generator. National Instruments, un proveedor líder de sistemas automatizados de pruebas y medidas conectados por software. Feature Usage. . High performance in a small, rugged package gives you an ideal deployment. . NI modular instruments span from the industry’s highest resolution to the industry’s highest accuracy. The clock signal's frequency is then measured on PFI0. The chas. Skip to content. It is a test and measurement platform that combines a controller with measurement instruments in a multi-slot chassis. PXI-6552 100 MHz, 20-Channel PXI Digital Waveform Instrument These specifications apply to the PXI-6552 with 1 MBit, 8 MBit, and 64 MBit of memory per channel. hybrid meaning the PXI instrument would work in a PXI/SCXI hybrid chassis. PXI-6652: : : : : PXI-6653:TCXO PXI Synchronization Module. From troubleshooting technical issues and product recommendations, to quotes and orders, we’re here to help. Answer: PXI-6651 National Instruments This is a problem with the NI-DAQmx8. Latch the module in place by pulling up on the ejector handle. 188268D-03 or later PXI-6651 188268D-02 or later PXI-6652 188268D-01 or later PXI-6653 . With these features, the PXI-6652/3 can be used to increase accuracy of instruments within a system, or to synchronize multiple PXI systems together. Contents. Support Worldwide Technical Support and Product Information ni. To install the PXI-8840 into a PXI chassis, complete the following steps. Anyways, I am using a PXI chassis with both a PXI-6652 timing module and a PXI-7854R FPGA board. This Timing and Control Module requires one 3U PXI Slot and weighs around 203 g. com Manufacturer: National Instruments. It uses direct digital synthesis (DDS) for high-resolution frequency hopping or phase-continuous sweeping for fixture and device characterization applications. Also for: Ni pxi-6653, Ni pxi-6652, Ni pxi-6651. Use this clock as a common PXI/PXI Express Slot Type Compatibility NI PXI Board PXI System Timing Slot PXI Peripheral Slot PXI Express Hybrid Slot H PXI-6683 X* X† — PXI-6683H X †X X *Compatible: PXI_CLK10, PXI_CLKIN, PXI_STAR, PXI_TRIG functionality available. 99 Hz 10,000,000. View All Hardware. Note Achieve the best performance by minimizing the number of I/O connector mating cycles. 1 µHz (PXI-6653 and PXI-6652) or <0. 0 LSB max NI 784xR/785xR. Common applications include data acquisition, instrument control and machine vision. TCXO PXI Synchronization Module. This page documents all the applicable standards and certifications for the PXI-6652 and provides downloadable certifications. 3 V power rail. The NI PXI-6651 is designed to be a low-cost slave module to synchronize a PXI chassis to a master PXI chassis containing NI PXI-6652 or PXI-6653 modules. 204. This accuracy is improved to 1 ppm with the PXI-6652, and to 50 ppb with the PXI-6653. Order by Part Number or Request a Quote. Master or Slave Module for Synchronizing Multiple PXI chassis Model Number(s): NI PXI-6652 Product Category: Electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use. Hot Surface If the PXI-6552 has been in use, it may exceed safe handling temperatures and cause burns. . Download Visio Stencils for National Instruments. Open a service request. I have a PXI-1042 Chassis with a PXI-6652 Timing module (in slot 2) and 4*PXI-4071 DMM cards. This page documents all the applicable standards and certifications for the PXI-6652 and provides downloadable certifications. Refer to the Accessories section for more information. . Plug in your chassis before installing the PXIe-8822/42/62. Data Acquisition and Control . . It uses direct digital. . 4. Provides support for NI GPIB controllers and NI embedded controllers with GPIB ports. Community. 5 A power required, 300 mV. . $179. This module comes with part number 778726-01. TCXO PXI Synchronization Module. niの集録および信号調整デバイスをサポートします。 ni-visa. PXI is a computer for test engineers. 1 minute (s) read. Support Worldwide Technical Support and Product Information ni. It uses direct digital synthesis (DDS) for high-resolution frequency hopping or phase-continuous sweeping for fixture and device characterization applications. From troubleshooting technical issues and product recommendations, to quotes and orders, we’re here to help. pxi-6230 plc 处理器模块 美国ni PXI-6220 美国NI PLC模块 控制器 Company advantage service: 1. I've been combing the forums for anything related to PXI cards/hubs for USB and have come up with nothing helpful. By using PXI Synchronization Modules, you can improve measurement accuracy, implement advanced triggering schemes, and synchronize multiple devices to act. An Overview of the PXI Platform. PXI-8532 NI module, NI, PXI-8532 NI module Brand: National Instruments Name: Module Current: 5A Voltage: 24V Mode of use: Hot plug implementation standard: Import origin: United States. PXI modular instrumentation. The NI PXI-6652/3 features the ability to drive the PXI star trigger lines and import or export triggers to the PXI backplane. . ©National Instruments Corporation 3 NI PXI/PXIe-2532 Specifications Note Terminal block connectiv ity is with standard 0. ni-daqmx. Patents For patents covering National Instruments products /technology, refer to the appropriate location: Help»Patents in yourCaution Changes or modifications not expressly approved by National Instruments could void the user’s authority to operate the hardware under the local regulatory rules. Make sure all components involved in the calibration procedure are powered off. . Members of the National Instruments Alliance Partner Prog ram are business entities independent from National Instruments and have no agency, partnership, or joint-venture relationship with National Instruments. Hi, I think the best way to synchronize your PXI-5105 and the PXI-6133 cards would be to import the clock from the PXI-6522 and also the trigger to the other two cards. Support Worldwide Technical Support and Product Information. Power on the PXI chassis first, and then the external equipment. National Instruments PXI-6683 Synchronization Module with PXI_TRIG trigger access: In Stock Ships Today: PXI-6683H: National Instruments PXI-6683H syncs to GPS, IEEE 1588, IRIG-B, or PPS:TCXO PXI Synchronization Module. This page documents all the applicable standards and certifications for the PXI-6652 and provides downloadable certifications. NI PXI-6652数据采集. 188268C-03 or later PXI-6651 188268C-02 or later PXI-6652 188268C-01 or later PXI-6653 Volatile Memory Target Data Type Size Battery Backup User1 Accessible System Accessible Sanitization Procedure Board Control Registers FPGA N/A No Yes Yes Cycle Power PXI Star Triggers CPLD N/A No Yes Yes Cycle Power Figure 1. 11 V, Measurement Category I Measurement Category I is for measurements performed on circuits not directly connected to the electrical. † Allow a warm up time of at least 15 minutes for the NI PXI-6652 and three hours for the NI PXI-6653 to en sure the measurement circuitry is at a stable operating temperature. To install your factory-default operating system onto the hard drive,The PXI-6608 (Part Number: 777937-01) Counter/Timer Module produced by National Instruments is an enhanced version of the PXI-6602, with the addition of a high-stability clock, which is known as an oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO). These products can monitor the health of a chassis, improve device synchronization, share data between systems, add data storage, and more. com +86 17750010683 . View All Hardware. The NI PXI-6652 features a PXI Bus Connector and a Fundamental Frequency Range of 1. ) I/O connector. The NI. . 10 × 16 cm (3. . 5 V, 8-Channel PXI Counter/Timer Module —The PXI-6602 performs encoder position measurement, event counting, period measurement, pulse-width measurement, pulse generation, pulse-train generation, and frequency measurement. 3221366881@qq. . National Instruments NI PXI-6652 ; National Instruments NI PXI-6651. NI Services Program; Purchase Training; HARDWARE. 1 µHz (PXI-6653 and PXI-6652) or <0.